| Designing your home |
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| Written by Web master | |
| Wednesday, 12 May 2004 | |
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1.0 Passive design - Introduction Small Image of Temperate (Warm Temperate) House under Construction Passive design is design that does not require mechanical heating or cooling. Homes that are passively designed take advantage of natural energy flows to maintain thermal comfort. Incorporating the principles of passive design in your home: * Significantly improves comfort. * Reduces or eliminates heating and cooling bills. * Reduces greenhouse gas emissions from heating, cooling, mechanical ventilation and lighting. Building envelope is a term used to describe the roof, walls, windows, floors and internal walls of a home. The envelope controls heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Its performance in modifying or filtering climatic extremes is greatly improved by passive design. Well designed envelopes maximise cooling air movement and exclude sun in summer. In winter, they trap and store heat from the sun and minimise heat loss to the external environment. The fundamental principles of passive design, explained above are relatively simple but they must be applied to a vast range of climates, house types and construction systems in Australia. To explain all of these combinations in sufficient detail, information has been divided into separate fact sheets: 1.1 DESIGN FOR CLIMATE This fact sheet provides a quick reference guide to the main climatic zones in Australia as well as the key passive design responses for each climate. It also explains the conditions required for human thermal comfort and how passive design assists our bodies in achieving comfort. [See: Design for climate] 1.2 CHOOSING A SITE Choosing an appropriate site, or existing home, and developing it to make the most of its natural attributes will yield significant economic, lifestyle and environmental benefits. The information is in three parts corresponding with the usual stages of choosing a site. * Choosing a locality and housing type. * Choosing a site, existing home or block. * Choosing, designing or altering a home to suit your block. [See: Choosing a site] 1.3 ORIENTATION A home that is well positioned on its site delivers significant lifestyle and environmental benefits. Correct orientation assists passive heating and cooling, resulting in improved comfort and decreased energy bills. The information is presented in three parts: * Principles of good orientation. * Orientation for passive solar heating. * Orientation for passive cooling. [See: Orientation] 1.4 PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING Passive solar heating is about keeping the summer sun out and letting the winter sun in. It is the least expensive way to heat your home. The sheet explains how the following key elements of passive solar heating are applied. * Northerly orientation of window areas. * Passive shading of glass. * Thermal mass for storing heat. * Minimising heat loss with insulation, draught sealing and advanced glazing. * Floor plan zoning to get heating to where it is most needed and keep it there. Passive solar houses can look like any other home but they are more comfortable to live in and cost less to run. [See: Passive solar heating] 1.5 PASSIVE COOLING Small Image showing Passive Cooling Passive cooling is the least expensive means of cooling your home. It is appropriate for all Australian climates. This section explains how to design and modify homes to achieve summer comfort and minimise or eliminate energy use for cooling. Four key approaches are examined: * Envelope design for passive cooling. * Natural cooling sources. * Hybrid cooling systems. * Adapting lifestyle. [See: Passive cooling] 1.6a INSULATION INTRODUCTION Insulation is an essential component of passive design. It improves building envelope performance by minimising heat loss and heat gain through walls, roof and floors. Topics covered include: * Insulation types and their applications. * Recommended insulation levels for different climates. * Strategies for cost effective insulation solutions. [See: Insulation Introduction]
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